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Q1: What do we use instead of temperature as a way of telling which season we are in? Why?
[Answer]

If we look at the yearly pattern of temperature in the UK, for example, Oxford, England we see that the temperature gradually rises to July and then falls away to January.

Our year therefore changes with temperature.

Many plants sprout when the temperature rises to a certain value and die back when the temperature falls. In this way they point out the change in temperature for us.