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4
Introduction
The coast is where the land meets the sea. It is one of the most rapidly changing parts of the world and contains dramatic scenery. But it is also a place we can easily damage.
 Some parts of the coast jut out to make headlands, while in other parts there are sweeping bays. See how headlands and bays are connected to hard and soft rocks on pages 6 to 11.
 beaches form out of the material worn from cliffs. How this happens and what beach material looks like is shown on pages 12 to 15.
 Find out the way cliff shapes are affected by rocks on pages 16 and 17.
 Where rocks are hard, waves find tiny weaknesses and create caves, arches and stacks. Find out how this happens on pages 18 and 19.
 sea level has not always been the same. During an ice age it falls dramatically. When it rises, it drowns valleys, as shown on pages 20 and 21.
 When waves break on the beach they rush forward and flow backward. Look at the pattern of waves on pages 22 to 25.
 Beaches have many uses. Find out how people use a beach, and when they can damage it, on pages 26 and 27.
 When waves break they lift sand off the beach and some of it moves along the beach. Find out how to see the signs of moving sand on pages 28 and 29.
 deltas form where rivers enter the sea. Find out about delta shapes on pages 30 and 31.
 If you live close to a crumbling cliff or a stormy beach you may be putting your life at risk. Find out why on pages 32 to 35.
 There are some ways you can protect your home from the sea. Some of them are described on pages 36 and 37.
 What is the future for our coasts? This depends on how we take different points of view into account. Read some views about how to use the coast on pages 38 and 39.
 Many people now think that the best way of protecting the coast is to leave it alone. See why this is on pages 40 and 41.
 Sometimes disasters such as oil spills can pollute a beach, making it unpleasant for holidaymakers and a disaster for wildlife. Find out what happens on pages 42 and 43.
 The coast is home to wildlife, too. Find out how they use it on pages 44 and 45.