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F
Fall line
 Finger lake—These are long finger lakes in the mountains of New Zealand.
Fan
A region where rivers have waterfalls or rapids down their valleys.
Many cities on the East Coast of America are built on a fall line because that was as far inland
as boats could navigate. Thus
the location of many cities was determined by the waterfalls and rapids on the rivers.
(See: Alluvial fan.)
Finger lake, ribbon lake
A long lake that fills the bottom of a mountain valley. Some also have dams of moraine (rock and ice) at their ends (see: Glacier).
Fjord
A deep, narrow, flooded river mouth that was formed at the end of the last Ice Age.
Flash flood
 Fall line—A fall line separates the coastal plain of eastern America from the hills of the Appalachians. These are the Potomac Falls near Washington, D.C.
Fjords (pronounced fee-
ords) have such steep sides that rivers entering them often create spectacular waterfalls. Fjords
are also extremely deep. In some parts of the world a fjord is called a sound.
Flash flood
A flood that occurs suddenly and without warning. Flash floods are common after torrential mountain thunderstorms. They affect mountain and desert valleys where soils are thin and cannot soak up the rain. As a result, the rain quickly flows into rivers.
molecules. That will only happen slowly in still air because the air in contact with the water will soon become full, or saturated, with water vapor. However, if there
is a breeze, then new dry air will continually flow over the water surface and take up each new water molecule as it breaks free. (See also: Transpire and Water cycle.)
 Evaporation—When water evaporates, the molecules of the water acquire enough energy (from heating in a pan, warmth from the air, or sunlight) to break free of the water surface and float into the air as water vapor.
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