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Camera
A light-tight box containing a lens and film that is sensitive to light. When a shutter over the lens is opened, the light passes through the lens and reaches the film. The light alters special chemicals on the film. When the film is developed, the chemicals change. These changes can then be used to make a print or a transparency.
Cameras are now filled with gadgets to help photographers see the image through the lens, focus the lens properly, get the right amount of light on the film (the
Pinhole
Lamp
 Camera – The simplest camera is a pinhole (top and top right). However, the small size of the hole means that very little light gets through to the screen. If the hole is made bigger (right), the image is brighter but blurred. To get a sharp, bright image (bottom left), a lens must be used. Normally, a piece of photographic film is placed where the screen is located in the diagram.
correct exposure) and wind the film. However, the principle that was demonstrated in the first pinhole camera remains the same.
The lens on a camera is the key to what kind of result you can get. On a 35mm camera a standard lens is called a 50mm lens. It gathers light from an angle of view 45° from the horizontal and gives the same sort of view as the human eye. It is the lens on most 35mm cameras when they are sold. By contrast, a telephoto lens gathers light from just 5°. Wide-angle
lenses are those with apertures smaller than 50mm. An 8mm
lens is called a fish-eye lens and
it gathers light from 180°. New lenses, called zoom lenses, have
a variable focus, allowing the photographer to change the angle that is captured. The smaller the angle captured, the greater the enlargement. (See also: Colour filters; Depth of field; f-number.)
Lens produces sharp, bright image.
Image projected onto translucent screen
Larger pinhole produces a brighter but blurred image
Camera with photographic film
Camera
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