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Doric
Ionic
Ionic column design
4 There were two main styles of Greek architecture, called doric and ionic.
The Doric style was very simple, and a little squat and sturdy, whereas the Ionic style was thinner, more elegant and decorative.
Most of the best known surviving Greek buildings are Doric.
Detail at base of Ionic column.
The largest object the Greeks
ever sculpted was the Colossus of Rhodes (late 3rd century), which was the same size as New York’s Statue of Liberty. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Buildings
The Greeks were wealthy enough to pay for large buildings as early as the 7th century BC. However, these were made in wood and mud brick and have not survived. So we only really know of what the Greeks made in later periods, when they began to use stone.
There was a basic design to all of the buildings. They were either a square or a rectangle. If they were rectangular, then the sides were proportioned according to a shape called the golden rectangle (page 15). They were almost always made from limestone or marble.
At the front they added a porch with a roof supported by many columns, providing a grand entrance.
Because the Greeks, like the ancient Egyptians, did not use arches or domes, they could not build large rooms with unsupported roofs: any large building needed rows of internal columns to
hold the roof up (picture 4). All of their buildings have simple flat or gently sloping roofs. The end of each roof
(the pediment) was filled in and then decorated with sculptures. The space just below the roof line (the frieze) was also decorated with sculptures (see page 13).
DAILY LIFE
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