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Explorer
 Europa—The surface of Europa, which has features resembling ice floes on Earth.
Einstein
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was born in Germany but became a naturalized Swiss. He was one
of the most important scientists
of the 20th century, proposing entirely new ways of thinking about space, time, and gravitation. Before his time physicists had relied on the laws of motion of Isaac Newton. Although these laws worked well, for many practical reasons they were not suitable for the study of space.
Einstein’s theories allow physicists to explain what happens when bodies travel at the speed of light. (See also: Black hole.)
e=mc2 is the fundamental formula of Einstein’s theory of relativity. Energy (e) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light squared (c2). It describes how a small mass traveling very quickly produces an enormous amount of energy.
Encke’s Comet
The most frequently appearing comet, although it is always faint. It completes its orbit in 3.3 years and was named after the German astronomer Johann Franz Enke (1791-1865).
Eta Carinae
A hypergiant star that, in 1843, became the second brightest star in the sky. It is less luminous now, but is the largest star in the galaxy, at 100 times the mass of the Sun. It loses about a hundredth of its mass each year and is possibly a supernova. It is about 8,000 light- years away.
Europa
The fourth largest moon of Jupiter and the second closest of the four Galilaen moons. It is 3,138km across, or approximately the
same size as our Moon. It has an icy surface and is believed to be geologically active (see: Moons).
Evening star
(See: Venus.)
Expanding Universe
The idea that the Universe
is getting ever larger, and the galaxies are steadily getting farther
 Europa—One theory is that Europa has a solid ice “crust,” below which is a liquid ocean.
Ice covering
Liquid ocean under ice
apart. The idea of the expanding Universe does not affect small parts of the Universe like the Solar System because they are held together by gravity.
Explorer
The name for a series of American spacecraft. Explorer 1 was launched on January 31, 1958, and was the first successful United States satellite. Scientists used Explorer 1 to discover the Van Allen belts around the Earth.
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