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Sublimation
Sublimation
The change from water vapor to ice and vice versa. Normally, a substance changes from a solid, to a liquid, and then to a gas, but in certain circumstances it will change directly from a gas to a solid or from a solid to a gas. This happens, for example, in very cold clouds, where water vapor sublimes to make ice crystals.
Surface tension
The property of some liquids to cling together and make a film. It occurs when the molecules in the liquid are more strongly attracted to one another than to the air. In water the attraction is so strong that water film will crawl up the sides of a narrow tube.
Some waterborne animals, such as water boatmen, use the property of surface tension to walk on water.
Falling raindrop
Suspension
One of the several ways in which water can carry material (see: Sediment). Silt and clay are both carried in suspension in a fast- flowing river. They are responsible for the color of the water.
Swamp
Places with waterlogged ground, mainly found in tropical and subtropical regions.
Because of the waterlogged conditions, the plants that grow in swamps have a particular range of adaptations, including the ability to absorb oxygen through their roots. All swamps have visible standing water and are dominated by trees. (Compare this with a marsh, which is dominated by grasses, and a bog, which does not appear waterlogged until the soil is walked on.)
(See also: Wetlands.)
 Surface tension —Surface tension is responsible for water droplets and bubbles in soapy water.
 Swamp—A cyprus swamp in Louisiana. T
Tide
The rhythmic change in sea level that occurs due to the varying gravitational attraction of the Moon for the world’s ocean waters. Tides therefore change with the relative positions of the Earth and the Moon.
Transpire
The process by which plants lose water to the air through the pores on the surfaces of their leaves.
Transpiration is an important process for plants. It helps keep leaves cool, and it removes water from the top of the plant so that more water-containing nutrients can be sucked up by the roots. Water is lost from the plant surface by evaporation. (See also: Water cycle.)
Tributary
A stream or river that feeds into a larger river. The small tributaries close to a watershed that eventually come together to form a major river are also often called branch or fork. The place where a tributary meets a main river is called the confluence.
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