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Lava flow
Lava flow
A stream of lava from an active volcano. It can take the form of a tongue, a river, or a sheet of lava. (See also: Eruption.)
Lava fountain
A jet of molten lava produced during an eruption of basic lava. (See also: Fissure; Fissure eruption; Hawaiian-type eruption.)
Lava lake
A pool of lava that builds up in some craters during an eruption of runny basic lava.
Lava tube
An underground tunnel formed when the surface of lava cooled and solidified while the rest of the lava continued to flow.
 Lava flow—This lava flow on Hawaii has formed a sheet. The shiny surface of the new lava is glinting in the Sun, making it look white.
 Lava tube—A thin crust is all that is between these scientists and a river of molten lava flowing inside a lava tube.
Locked fault
A fault that is not slipping because the sides of the fault are locked by the friction between them. When locked faults do move, they often produce very large earthquakes. Parts of the San Andreas Fault in California appear to be locked.
Love wave, L wave
A major type of surface earthquake wave that shakes the ground surface at right angles to the direction in which the wave is traveling. It is named after A.E.H. Love (1863-1940), the English mathematician who discovered it.
(See also: Body wave; P wave; Rayleigh wave; Seismic waves; Seismograph; Surface wave; S wave.)
 Lava tube—Lava tubes can be tens of meters in diameter.
Liquefaction
The loss of strength of a soil or rock due to ground shaking during an earthquake. Liquefaction turns material into a kind of quicksand, allowing buildings to sink into their foundations.
Lithosphere
That part of the crust and upper mantle which is brittle and makes up the tectonic plates. The lithosphere is about 100km thick.
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